Torch firing is a wonderful way to experience enameling in all of it stages. I see it as an extension to kiln fired enamels and not a replacement since the results are very different. It requires working from instinct with a sensitive observation of cause and effect. The torch oxidizes and blends the pigments, creates patterns and causes chemical reactions that do not occur with kiln firing. Students will learn the various stages of how enamel fuses to the metal and may use embellishments such as glass beads and threads, and millefiori to further their designs. I will also demonstrate the “dip and fire” technique seen in the photo.